CASE STUDY · CS-06
Documents, triaged.
A design study for AI-assisted document intake, with extraction people can verify and review where confidence is low.
- INDUSTRY
- Professional services
- PROBLEM
- Incoming documents are read, classified, and keyed in by hand; volumes spike unpredictably and errors are caught late.
- SOLUTION CATEGORY
- AI-assisted document intake and extraction
- TECHNOLOGY
- Python
- OCR
- LLM structured outputs
- PostgreSQL
- Queue workers
- React
- INTENDED OUTCOME
- Routine documents processed with human review where confidence is low, and every extracted field traceable to the text it came from.
01Intake
- Email inbox
- Upload portal
- Scanner
02Understanding
- OCR
- Classification
- Field extraction
03Validation
- Schema rules
- Confidence thresholds
- Cross-checks
04Review
- Review queue
- Source side-by-side
- Corrections
05Systems of record
- Case system export
- Audit log
01 / 14
Overview
Professional-services teams receive forms, letters, and supporting documents in many formats. Skilled people spend time reading and re-typing instead of doing the work the documents are for.
This study designs an intake pipeline that classifies documents, extracts the fields that matter, validates them, and sends uncertain cases to a person with the source text alongside.
02 / 14
Challenge
How can document intake be faster and more consistent without accepting extraction errors into systems of record?
Extraction will sometimes be wrong. The design has to make it obvious when, and make correction faster than starting from scratch.
03 / 14
Constraints
Varied inputs
Scans, photos, PDFs, and email bodies, in varying quality.
Sensitive content
Documents can contain personal data; retention and access rules apply.
Accountability
Every value written to a system of record must be traceable to its source and reviewer.
Spiky volume
Deadlines create sudden peaks that the pipeline must queue rather than drop.
04 / 14
Discovery
WHAT DISCOVERY WOULD ESTABLISH
- 01
Document sampling
Collect representative examples of each document type, including poor-quality ones.
- 02
Field priorities
Agree which fields matter for downstream work and what an error in each would cost.
- 03
Current review practice
Understand how people check documents today and what they look for.
- 04
Labeled test set
Create a reviewed set of documents with correct values to measure extraction.
05 / 14
Solution
Documents arrive through email, upload, or scanning, and are queued for OCR, classification, and structured extraction. Each field carries a confidence signal and a link to its location in the source.
Schema rules and cross-checks validate the result. Documents that pass go forward; anything uncertain goes to a review queue with the source and extracted values side by side.
CAPABILITIES
- Multi-channel intake
- Document classification
- Structured field extraction
- Validation rules and cross-checks
- Side-by-side review queue
- Field-level audit trail
06 / 14
UX & product decisions
DECISION 01
Review by exception
- WHY
- People focus on uncertain documents instead of re-checking everything.
- TRADE-OFF
- Thresholds start conservative, so early review volume is higher.
DECISION 02
Show the source next to every field
- WHY
- Reviewers verify a value in seconds when they can see where it came from.
- TRADE-OFF
- Requires storing positions for each extracted value.
DECISION 03
Corrections improve the system
- WHY
- Every correction is stored and added to the evaluation set.
- TRADE-OFF
- Corrections need periodic review before they are used.
07 / 14
Architecture
Each stage is a queued, retryable step. Model output is never written directly to a system of record; it passes validation and, where needed, human review first.
- L1
Intake
Receives documents from every channel into one queue.
- Email inbox
- Upload portal
- Scanner
- L2
Understanding
Turns pages into text, types, and candidate field values.
- OCR
- Classification
- Field extraction
- L3
Validation
Checks values against rules, formats, and each other.
- Schema rules
- Confidence thresholds
- Cross-checks
- L4
Review
Where people confirm or correct uncertain results.
- Review queue
- Source side-by-side
- Corrections
- L5
Systems of record
Receives only validated or reviewed data.
- Case system export
- Audit log
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
Models propose, rules decide
Deterministic validation sits between model output and any downstream write.
Traceable values
Each field links to its page, position, model version, and reviewer.
Queue every stage
Peaks are absorbed by queues, and failed steps retry without reprocessing everything.
08 / 14
Technology
| Area | Choice | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Pipeline |
| Mature document-processing libraries and independently scalable stages. |
| Extraction |
| Schema-constrained output keeps extraction typed and easy to validate. |
| Data |
| Documents, fields, positions, and review history in one auditable store. |
| Review interface |
| A fast, keyboard-friendly review screen with the source alongside. |
09 / 14
Implementation
PROPOSED DELIVERY SEQUENCE
- PHASE 01
One document type
Start with the highest-volume type and its most important fields.
- PHASE 02
Measure on the test set
Score extraction per field before connecting any downstream system.
- PHASE 03
Review-everything pilot
Route all documents to review at first, to calibrate thresholds with real data.
- PHASE 04
Raise automation gradually
Relax thresholds per field only where evidence supports it.
10 / 14
Testing
Extraction accuracy
Field-level scoring against the labeled set on every model or prompt change.
Validation rules
Unit tests for each rule and cross-check, including edge formats.
Poor-quality inputs
Skewed, low-resolution, and multi-page scans in the regression set.
Review workflow
End-to-end tests for confirm, correct, and reject paths.
11 / 14
Infrastructure
Isolated processing
Document storage and processing in a restricted environment with encryption at rest.
Retention controls
Automatic deletion according to agreed retention periods.
Queue monitoring
Backlog size, processing time, and review age tracked with alerts.
12 / 14
Key challenges
CHALLENGE 01
Confident but wrong extractions.
RESPONSE
Cross-checks between related fields and conservative per-field thresholds.
CHALLENGE 02
New document layouts.
RESPONSE
Unknown layouts are classified as such and routed to review instead of forced into a type.
CHALLENGE 03
Reviewer fatigue.
RESPONSE
Highlight only uncertain fields, and keep the review screen fully keyboard-driven.
13 / 14
Results
This is a concept, so there are no measured results. The outcomes below are what the design is intended to achieve; the measures after them are how a pilot would verify it against an agreed baseline.
INTENDED RESULTS · QUALITATIVE
- People review uncertain documents instead of re-typing every one.
- Every value in a system of record can be traced to its source and reviewer.
- Peaks are queued and processed rather than piling up in inboxes.
HOW RESULTS WOULD BE VERIFIED
- Field-level extraction accuracy on the labeled test set.
- Share of documents needing review, tracked as thresholds change.
- Handling time and downstream correction rates against the current baseline.
14 / 14
Lessons
- 01
Plan for being wrong
The review experience matters as much as extraction quality.
- 02
Per-field, not per-document
Confidence and automation decisions work best at the field level.
- 03
Keep a labeled set alive
Corrections feed a test set that protects against regressions.